History

Q.10.What is meant by the term Canal Colonies?

Ans.The Canal Colonies was the name given to irrigated by the new irrigation canals built by the British in Punjab.

Q.11.What happened at the Congress of Berlin?

Ans.The major European countries met in Berlin and partitioned Africa among themselves.

Q.12.What is referred to as the Opium trade?

Ans.The British grew opium in India, exported it to China and with the money earned financed its tea nd other imports from China.

Q.13.How did silk routes link the world? Explain with three suitable examples.

Ans.

1. The most well known silk route connected China to Europe. West bound Chinese silk cargoes travelled on this route. Chinese pottery also travelled through this route.
2. Historians have identified several silk routes over land and sea knitting together vast regions of Asia, linking Asia with North Africa. These resulted in vibrant pre-modern trade. Through this route Chinese pottery, Indian textiles and spices from South East Asia travelled to Europe and North Africa.
3. Trade and cultural exchanges went hand in hand. Early Christian missionaries and later the Muslim preachers travelled by these routes. Buddhist missionaries went from India to China and Chinese Buddhist travelers came to India using the silk route.

Q.14.Explain the three types of flows within the international economic exchanges during 1815-1914.

Ans.

1. Flow of trade :- During this period trade referred largely to trade in goods such as cloth, wheat, etc.
2. Flow of labour :- Migration of people in search of employment.
3. Flow of Money :- Movement of capital for short-term and long-term investment over long distances.

Q.15.How did rinderpest help the European colonies to conquer and subdue Africa? Explain.

Ans. For centuries, land and livestock sustained African livelihood and people earely worked for a wage. In 19th century, Europeans were attracted to African due to its vast resources of land and minerals. They came to Africa hoping to establish plantations and mines to produce crops and minerals for export to Europe. But there was an unexpected problem – short of labour. No one was willing to work for wages, so they adopted various methods to get people to work. Then the rinderpest or the deadly disease of cattle imported to Africa and the infectious disease killed 90% of the African cattle. The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihood. Planters, mine owners and colonial governments now successfully monopolished their power and forced Africans to work for wages. Control over scare cattle resource enabled European colonizers to conquer and subdue Africa.

Q.16.Explain the two factors responsible for the Great Depression in the world in 1929.

Ans.The Great Depression of 1929 was caused by a combination of several factors. First by agricultural overproduction remained a problem. This was made worse by falling agricultural prices. As prices slumped and agricultural income declined, farmers tried to expand production and bring a larger volume of produce to the market to maintain their overall income. This worsened the situation by pushing down the prices further. Secondly by mid -1920s many countries financed their investment through loans from US. US overseas lenders panicked at the sign of trouble and withdrew their amount. Countries that depended on US loans now faced acute financial crisis.

Q.17. How did the silk route help in trade and cultural exchange?

Ans.The route connecting China with the western countries for exporting silk cargoes is known as silk route. Later many other silk routes over land and sea had been identified by the histori. Like China, Indian too exported silk and textile to south east Asia and got spices in return. These routes, besides linking various regions of Asia, Africa and Europe for trade resulted in cultural exchange and shared religious ideas.