A group of organic compounds having similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by CH2 group.
- Halo Group : −X ( X can be Cl, Br or I)
Chloro , Bromo and Iodo group ----
When 1 H atom of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom, we get Haloalkane.
Eg. CH4 → Replace one H by Cl → CH3Cl
General formula is CnC2n+1–X ( X may be Cl ; Br ;I )
Chloromethane – CH3 Cl ---- methyl chloride
Bromomethane - CH3Br ---- methyl bromide
Chloroethane - C2H5Cl ---- ethyl chloride
Chloropropane - C3H7Cl ---- propyl chloride
- Alcohol Group : −OH ( alcoholic / hydroxyl group)
Alcohol group is made up of 1 oxygen and 1 hydrogen atom joined together.
1 H atom is replaced by an alkane by a hydroxyl group ( OH group)
CH4 → Replace 1 H by OH → CH3OH
General formula is CnH2n+1OH
Methanol - CH3OH ---- methyl alcohol
Ethanol - C2H5OH ---- ethyl alcohol
Propanol - C3H5OH ---- propyl alcohol
- Aldehyde Group :
It consists of 1 carbon, 1 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom joined together.
General formula --- CnH2nO
Methanal - HCHO --- formaldehyde
Ethanal - CH3CHO ---- acetaldehyde
Propanal – CH3CH2CHO --- propionaldehyde
Butanal - CH3CH2CH2CHO
- Ketone Group :
It consists of 1 carbon and 1 oxygen atom. A ketone group must contain at least 3 carbon atoms.
General formula -- CnH2nO
Propanone - CH3COCH3 ---- acetone ( simplest ketone)
Butanone - CH3COCH2CH3
Pentanone - CH3COCH2CH2CH3
- Alkene Group :
It is a Carbon – carbon double bond.
Ethene - CH2 = CH2
Propene - CH3− CH = CH2
- Alkyne Group : −C≡C−
Ethyne - CH≡CH
Propyne - CH3−C≡CH