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(14.1) What is the total length of railway track of the broad gauge? 1
(14.2) What is the policy of the Government about gauge conversion of railway tracks? 1
(14.3) Name any two areas where narrow gauge railway tracks have been laid. 1

Ans. (14.1) The total length of railway track of the broad gauge is 88,547 kms.
(14.2) Government’s policy aims at having unigauge tracks in order to avoid trans-shipment losses and delays. Also to increase the capacity, all metre gauges are slowly being converted into broad gauges. (14.3) Narrow gauge railway tracks have been laid in the Himalayan mountainous areas. One such track runs between Kalka-Shimla in the Western Himalayas and the other one runs between Siliguri- Darjeeling in the Eastern Himalayas.

The following question is for the Blind Candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 14.

(14.1) What is the total railway route length in India? 1
(14.2) Name any two types of railway gauges of India. 1
(14.3) What is the policy of the Government regarding conversion of gauges of railway tracks? 1

Ans. (14.1) The total railway route length in India is 63,140 kms.
(14.2) Broad gauge and Metre gauge.
(14.3) Same as Answer 14.2 given above.

Q. 15. Analyse three major challenges before the countries which do not have democratic form of governments.

Ans. Challenges faced by countries which do not have a democratic form of government:
(i) These countries face the foundational challenge of making the transition to democracy and then instituting democratic government.
(ii) They also face the challenge of bringing down the existing nondemocratic regime, and keeping the military away from controlling the government.
(iii) Such countries have to make great efforts to establish a sovereign and functional state.

Q. 16. “Exploitation of consumers happens in three major ways in the marketplace.” Support this statement. 3×1=3

Ans. See Q. 2, Textbook Questions, Chapter 5.

Q. 17. Mention any six precautions to be taken before a tsunami strikes. (D.M.) 6×½=3

Q. 18. State any six objectives of search and rescue team. (D.M.) 6×½=3

Q. 19. Give a brief account of political fragmentation of Italy. 4×1=4

Ans. Political fragmentation existed in Italy for a long time. Italians were scattered over several dynastic States as well as the multi-national Habsburg Empire. During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into 7 states, of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs, the centre was ruled by the Pope and the southern regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.

Or

What is the Ho Chi Minh Trail? Describe any three points of its importance. 1+3=4

Ans. ‘Ho Chi Minh Trail’ was a secret path under jungle cover set up by the followers of Ho Chi Minh for the under-cover transport of men, guns and ammunition used in their fight against the Americans during the Vietnamese War.

Points of Importance:
See Q. 8, Textbook Questions, Chapter 2.

Social Science 2008 Question Papers Class X
Social Science 2008 Question Papers Class X
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