Carbon and Its Compounds
Substitution reaction The reaction which involves direct replacement of an atom or group of atoms in an original molecule is called substitution reaction. Only saturated hydrocarbons perform substitution reactions.
CH4 + Cl2
CH3Cl + HCl
Functional group |
Symbol/formula |
Prefix/suffix |
Compound name |
Halo |
-Cl, -Br, - I |
Halo (prefix) |
Haloalkane |
Alcohol |
-OH |
-ol |
Alkanol |
Aldehyde |
-CHO |
-al |
alkanal |
Ketone |
- CO - |
-one |
Alkanone |
Carboxylic |
-COOH |
-oic acid |
Alkanoic acid |
Simplest compound |
Common name |
IUPAC name |
Formula |
Alcohol |
Methyl alcohol |
Methanol |
CH3OH |
Aldehyde |
Formaldehyde |
Methanal |
HCHO |
Ketone |
Acetone |
Propanone |
CH3COCH3 |
Carboxylic acid |
Formic acid |
Methanoic acid |
HCOOH |
alkane |
Methane |
Methane |
CH4 |
Alkene |
Ethylene |
Ethene |
C2H4 |
alkyne |
Acetylene |
Ethyne |
C2H2 |
|
ETHANOL (CH3CH2OH or C2H5OH)
Physical properties
- It is liquid at room temperature.
- It is colourless and has distinct smell and burning taste.
- It is soluble in water in all proportions.
Chemical properties
- It reacts with sodium to form sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas.
2CH3CH2OH + 2Na
2CH3CH2ONa + H2
- It reacts with hot concentrated H2SO4 to give ethene.
CH3CH2OH
CH2=CH2 + H2O
USES
- It is used in all alcoholic drinks like wine, beer, etc.
- In the form of rectified spirit (95% alcohol + 5% water), it is used as an antiseptic for wounds.
- It is used in medicines like tincture iodine, cough syrups, tonics etc because it is a good solvent.
- In cold countries it is used as antifreeze in automobiles.
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