Geography

Q.18. Why is the iron and steel industry called a basic and heavy industry?

Ans.The iron and Steel industry is called a basic and heavy industry because:

i). It is this industry which lays the foundation of a rapid development of other industries such as the heavy engineering, defence equipment, automobiles, aeroplane, etc.
ii). It is also helpful in providing employment to many.
iii). It also helps in the development of agriculture.
iv).It is a heavy industry because all the raw materials and finished products are heavy and bulky.

Q.19. Give reasons why the iron and steel industry in India is concentrated around the Chhota Nagpur plateau region.

Ans.

i). The Chhota Nagpur plateau is famous for iron ores. The states of Bihar, Bengal and Jharkhand provide the raw materials.
ii). Coal which is used as a fuel is another important input, and is available in this region in plenty.
iii). Because of more population in this region, cheap labour is also available.
iv) .The Damodar Valley Corporation provides power to these plants.
v). The export and import facility is provided by Kolkata port.

Q.20. Distinguish between the Light industry and the Heavy Industry.

Ans.

i). Heavy Industries: Industries using heavy and bulky raw materials and whose products are also heavy and heavy and bulky and that involve high cost of transport come under this category. Eg., iron and steel industry, sugar industry and cement industry.
ii). Light industries: Industries whose raw material as well as finished products are light and which can also employ female labour come under this category. For example: watch making, pen making, sewing machine making, ratio and television.

Q.21.Distinguish between the large scale and the small scale industries.

Ans.
Large scale industries

i). These industries manufacture large quantities of finished goods.
ii).The quantity of raw materials and capital investment is very large.
iii). Women workers are not generally employed in these industries.
iv). For example: Iron and steel, cotton textile, cement.

Small scale industries

i).These industries manufacture small quantity of goods.
ii).No huge quantity of raw material and capital is required. iii).Women workers employed in a large number in these industries.
iv). For example: Garment industry, soap making, television, radio industry. Etc.

Q.22.How does the industry create water pollution? Explain by giving four points.

Ans.

i) .Industries make dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. into the water bodies.
ii). Industries also let out solid wastes like fly ask, iron and steel slag, gypsum etc. into water.
iii). Overdrawing of groundwater resources by industries also lead to water pollution.
iv) Industries also lead to degradation of soil. Soil and water pollution are closely related.
v). Dumping of wastes, especially glass, harmful chemical, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless. Rainwater percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground, and the groundwater also gets contaminated.