History
Q.9.Why is Dandi March Significant?
Ans. Dandi March is significant because it marked the beginning of the successful Civil Disobedience Movement involving masses from all parts of the country.
Q.10.Mention any four factors which were responsible in arousing the spirit of nationalism in India.
Ans.
1. Political unification of the country under the Britishers.
2. Destruction of India’s old social and economic system.
3. Development of modern trade and industry.
4. The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared bond that tied many different groups.
Q.11. Explain the new economic and political situations, created during the First World War in India.
Ans.
1. The first world war led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
2. Custom duties were increased and income tax was introduced.
3. Between 1913-18 prices of commodities almost doubled leading to extreme hardship for the common people.
4. Villages were called upon to supply soldiers and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
Q.12.Explain the circumstances in which Non-cooperation Movement gradually slowed down in cities.
Ans.
1. Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
2. Similarly boycott of British institutions posed a problem because of lack of alternative Indian institutions to replace them.
3. So the students began to go back to government schools and lawyers returned to government courts.
Q.13.How did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India?
Ans.
1. It led to an increase in expenditure which was met by the additional taxes on Indian people.
2. The war led to a price rise – leading to extreme hardships for the common people.
3. Villages were called upon to supply soldiers and this forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
4. Acute shortage of food accompanied by influenza epidemic led to famine and misery.
5. The Indian began to realize, that they were unnecessarily drawn in a war which was for British imperialist interest. This feeling united the Indians against the British who began to demand reforms.
6. Fortunately during the period of war Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa and gave leadership to people by organizing Satyagraha which was the mass struggle against foreign authorities.
Q.14. What is meant by Satyagraha, as advocated by Gandhiji?
Ans.
1. Satyagraha was a novel method of mass agitation and resistance used by gandhiji in South Africa in his struggle against the racist regime. Later it was applied by Gandhiji in Indian national movement.
2. The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and non-violence.
3. He felt that if the cause was true, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
4. Without seeking revenge or being an aggressor, a satragrahi could win the battle through non-violence.
5. It could be done by using moral force, by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
