History

Q.15.Examine the Satyagraha movement organized by Gandhiji between 1916-18.

OR

With what major aims were the peasants movement organized in 1920?

Ans.

1. Between 1916, he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
2. In 1917, he took up the cause of the peasants of Kheda district of Ahmedabad to fight for reduction of revenue through Satyagraha Movement.
3. In 1918, Gandhiji organized Satyagraha Movement against cotton mill owners.
4. These movements were the first mass movements in Indian National Movement. These inculcated self confidence and a spirit to fight against injustice among people.

Q.16. Why was the Khilafat Movement supported by Gandhiji in 1919? What was his main aim?

Ans. In 1919, Gandhiji supported the Khilafat Movement to protest against the breakup of Ottoman (Turkish) empire by the British and humiliation caused to Turkish Caliph who was also the head of the Muslims of the whole world. Gandhiji also wanted to unite the Hindus and Muslims to protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. In this movement, Gandhiji extended the support of Congress towards the Muslims. He saw the opportunity of uniting the Hindus and Muslims for the cause of India’s freedom

Q.17. State any four factors responsible for the growth of nationalism in India.

Ans.

1. Result of colonial exploitation.
2. Understanding of the true nature of the British rule.
3. Racial discrimination.
4. Role of Mahatma Gandhi and other leaders.
5. Impact of nationalist literature, songs, poems, folklore.

Q.18. Examine the main features of Gudem rebellion.

OR

Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Examine his role in inspiring the rebels with Gandhiji’s ideas.

Ans.is in the Book

Q.19. Describe the main features of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Ans.

1. First successful mass movement.
2. People from all sections participated – role of students; people, young and old, joined.
3. Role of women – for the first time women in large numbers left the comfort of their homes and joined the movement.
4. For the first time the movement was launched with the goal of Purna Swaraj or complete independence.
5. The people could successfully defy British laws.

Q.20.What is known as Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

Ans.During the course of Civil Disobedience Movement 1,00,000 people were arrested.

1. In such a situation the Viceroy Lord Irwin signed an agreement with Gandhiji on 5th March 1931 because he wanted the Congress to attend the Round Table conference in London. This agreement is referred to as a Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
2. Gandhi promised to call off Civil Disobedience Movement and consented to participate in the 2nd Round Table Conference in London. The Viceroy agreed to release the political prisoners who were not charged with violence.
3. In December 1931, Gandhiji attended the conference but returned disappointed as the negotiations in London conference failed.