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However, soon it became clear, that the new administrative arrangements did not go hand in hand with political freedom. People became hostile over increased taxation, censorship and forced conscription into the French armies required to conquer the rest of Europe. All this seemed to overweigh the advantages of the administrative changes.

Or

Why did the Vietnamese oppose the new pattern of education introduced by the French? Explain two examples of protest. 2+2=4

Ans. The Tonkin Free School was started in 1907 to provide a Western style education. Subjects offered were Science, Hygiene and French. These classes were held in the evening and had to be paid for separately. It was not enough to learn Science, Hygiene and French only but students were taught to be ‘modern’ and encouraged to adopt western styles such as having a short haircut although Vietnamese traditionally kept long hair. The education system aimed at introducing French culture and civilization through the French language.
This alarmed the Vietnamese intellectuals. Teachers and students did not follow the curriculum blindly. While teaching, Vietnamese teachers quietly modified the text and criticized what was stated.

Protests:
(i) In the Saigon Native Girls School, a Vietnamese girl sitting in one of the front seats was asked to move back and allow a local French student to occupy her seat. She refused to move. The Principal, who was also a local French, expelled her. The students protested and two more students were expelled. The protest continued till they were taken back into the school again.
(ii) Students formed various political parties and protested against the colonial government’s decisions.

Q. 20. Study the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
“We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We believe also that if any government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them, the people have a further right to alter it or to abolish it. The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence.”
(20.1) Examine the inalienable rights of the Indian people. 2
(20.2) Analyse the impact of the British rule in India. 2

Ans. (20.1) The inalienable rights of the Indian people include: (any two)
(i) to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil.
(ii) to have all the basic necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth.
(iii) Also that the people of India should have the right to alter or abolish any rule of the British Government that oppresses them.
(20.2) Impact of British rule in India:
(i) The British Government deprived the Indian people of their freedom.
(ii) They not only exploited the masses but also ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually.

Q. 21. Describe any four characteristics of intensive subsistence farming. 4×1=4

Ans. See Q. 5, Chapter 4. [Page G-20

Q. 22. Why are iron and steel industries mainly concentrated in the Chhotanagpur plateau region? Explain any four reasons. 4×1=4

Ans. See Q. 30, Chapter 6. [Page G-48

Social Science 2008 Question Papers Class X
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