Geography

Chapter – 6 Manufacturing Industries

Ans.Agro-based industries: Industries that process agricultural raw materials, e.g., cotton textiles. Basic industry: Industry on which several large scale and small scale industries depend, e.g., Iron and Steel, chemical industry. Consumer industries: Industries which produce goods like plastics, utensils for the consumption of people. Cooperatives: Industries owned and organized by member form a cooperative society who pools their resources for profits and losses, e.g., Amul Delhi Milk Scheme.

Heavy Industry: These industries use heavy raw materials to produce heavy goods like Heavy Engineering. Joint Sector Industries: Industries which are jointly owned by both the state and some private industrialists or firms, e.g., Reliance Chemicals. Large Scale Industries: Industries using extensive raw materials, labour and capital investment is more than one crore and power to produce goods on large scale. Light Industry: Industries using light raw materials to produce light goods like paper, cotton textiles. Manufacturing: An economic activity where raw materials are converted into finished goods with the help of machines. Public sector industries: An industry in which a state government or its agencies undertakes economic activities and controls means of production and distribution, e.g., BHEL. Private Sector Industries: Industries owned and run by private individuals like Tata Iron and Steel Company, Reliance Industries. Secondary industries: These industries manufacture goods b y using processed materials, firms or companies. Small-scale industries: These industries employ small number of persons and invest capital about 2 crores. E.g., readymade garments, etc.

Q.1.What is manufacturing?

Ans.Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. For example, paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore and aluminum from bauxite.

Q.2.Why has government set up the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council?

Ans.To improve the productivity of the manufacturing industries so that it can achieve higher growth rate.

Q.3. ‘Industrialization and Urbanization go hand in hand.’ Explain.

Ans.

i). Cities provide market and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice etc.
ii). Workers need houses and other facilities. The provision of these facilities can convert a small town into a big city.

Q.4. What is agglomeration economics?

Ans. Cities provide market and other facilities like banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban institutions.

Q.5.Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India?

Ans.

i). Cotton textile mills have a very high demand throughout the country.
ii). Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation, etc are available in almost every part of the country.

Q.6. What is the importance of a manufacturing industry?

Ans.

i). It provides employment to the people.
ii). It reduces burden on agriculture.
iii). It reduces regional imbalances.
iv). Export of manufactured goods brings foreign exchange.