Chapter – 2 Principles Of Management (3+4 =7 marks)

Why did Fayol suggest the idea of ‘GANG PLANK’? What light does it throw on the nature of Fayol’s principles? – 5 marks

Or

Illustrate SCALAR CHAIN with suitable example? 3 marks – V. Important

Fayol's Scalar Chain

• According to Fayol, scalar chain is a chain of superiors ranging from highest to lowest rank of authority.
• Under normal circumstances every communication should follow the proper channel and pass through every link in the scalar chain.
• Example: The above figures shows the scalar chain linking mangers at lower levels with top management. If E wants to make contact with O for some work he has to move through a long route i.e. D, C, B, A, L, M, .N and finally to O without breaking the chain of command. This will cost lots of time of E.
• Positive Effect : In case of urgencies however, the prescribed route can be violated and gang-plank (direct contact) between the two concerned authorities may be established. This will produce quicker results in sorting out problems in one or two sittings and avoid lengthy time procedure, danger of miscommunication, distortion or even danger of being killed in the process.
• The idea of gang-plank throws light on the flexibility of Fayol’s principles.

What is GANG-PLANK? Show it through a diagram – 3 marks

Gang-plank is the technique of shortening the route of communication which is usually followed through all channel of hierarchy. Fayol suggested that in case of urgencies, by jumping the prescribed line of authority, these officials could deal with one another at one sitting and sort out several problems quickly.

How can Fayol’s PRINCIPLES OF EQUITY and order be applied in work situation?-4 marks. Illustrate with an example. (CBSE-1996, CBSE-2001)

Or

Which principle of management aims at securing the loyalty and devotion of the employees by giving them kind, fair and just treatment? Explain this principle with a suitable example -4 marks

• The principle of equity suggest that similar treatment is assured to people performing similar jobs. Example – two typists should be paid the same wage rate.
• An effective management is always kind, fair and just in its dealing with its subordinates. This way it earns the respect, loyalty and devotion of the employees and they are motivated to put in their best efforts.
• However the principle of equity should be applied at all levels. Workers should be treated at par at every level.
• For example: There should be no discrimination with regards to position, sex, age etc while granting medical leave to the employees.

Name the function of management, which concentrates on employing and retaining the right person at the right place. Explain why this function is important in any organisation.

Or

If an organisation does not provide the right place for physical and human resources in the organisation., which principle is violated? What are the consequences of it?

Principle of ORDER:

If an organisation does not provide the right place for physical and human resources in the organisation, the PRINCIPLE OF ORDER is violated.

The principle of order is concerned with proper arrangement of things and people. This principle can be divided into two:

Material order: An orderly arrangement of things is called material order. There should be an orderly arrangement of physical factors of production like land, raw material, tools and equipment. This means that there should be a specific place for everything. Every piece of land and every article should be used properly, economically and in the best possible way.

Social order: An orderly arrangement of people is called social order. This includes employees. Right man for the right job will ensure effective use of man power resources. Right place for everything and for everyone should therefore be the guiding principle for every management.

Adverse Effect: When there is no arrangement for things and people, the organisation will not be able to achieve its objectives in time. Effective utilisation of physical and human resources will not be possible.

Explain the principle of “INITIATIVE” through a suitable example - 3 marks (CBSE-2000)

• Freedom to think and execute a plan is known as initiative.
• Employees at all level should be allowed to take initiative in work related matters.
• Encouraging initiative is likely to motivate employees to work better and harder.
• However initiative should not be confused with disrespect to authority. For example: if any employee is given the initiative to make suggestions but once the decision is taken on any issue then there is no scope for disobedience.