Business Studies by Dorothy Mathias
Effectiveness of motivation contributes to the success of an organisation? How? Explain giving any four points.
Or
Why is it important to motivate employees in an organisation? Give any 3 reasons
Motivation is important in the organisation due to the following reasons:
Motivation improves workers’ efficiency
- Motivation infuses willingness in employees to achieve a high level of performance.
- A motivated employee feels pleasure in performing their duties. This helps to improve productivity, reduce cost of operations and secure overall efficiency.
- Motivation is essentially goal directed. Therefore, more the subordinates are motivated higher are the chances of achieving the goals of the organisation.
Reduction in resistance to change
Employees normally resist changes in the organisation. However if employees are motivated they are likely to support the change even if it means more efforts on their part. This is because they identify their own progress with the prosperity of the organisation.
Reduction in employee turnover:
Motivation secures loyalty of the employees and creates confidence in them. As a result employee turnover is reduced. This results in maintaining stability in work force.
Motivation facilitates achievement of organisation goals
By motivating employees through suitable rewards in the form of money, promotion, recognition of efficient work, management can secure the cooperation of subordinates to contribute their best efforts towards fulfilling their assigned tasks and thus achieve the goals of the organisation.
Explain any 4 NEEDS that motivate an employee to work?
Or
State any three types of needs that govern human motivation? – 3 marks
Or
Briefly explain Abraham Maslow’s HIERARCHY OF NEEDS? – PESS
Physiological needs:
It includes basic needs required for survival and maintenance of human life such as food, clothing, shelter, water and other necessities of life.
ESTEEM NEEDS: (Define – v. imp)
It includes a desire for self-image and self respect on one hand and respect, recognition from others. These needs are satisfied by recognising good performance of employees, providing challenging job assignments, good job titles, nice office, extra authority, etc.
Security needs:
People want physical, economical as well as social security. They want security for themselves, their property and a safe environment to live in.
Physical security : includes protection against fire, accidents, disease, crime etc.
Economical security : includes having a permanent job and money to fulfil basic needs on a permanent basis.
Social security : includes need for security in old age, illness, disability, etc.
Social needs:
It includes a desire to give and receive love and affection and the need to be accepted by the peers. These needs are satisfied by friendship, family and community relations outside the workplace.
COMMUNICATION
Define the term “Communication”? – 2 marks
What do you mean by “noise”. How does it interfere in the communication process – 3 marks
When there is a disrupted interference anywhere in the communication process, it is termed as “noise”.
Enumerate any 3 advantages of “informal communication” from the point of view of members of an organization and from the point of view of management – 3 marks
Advantages of informal communication from view of members are:
- Employees can develop friendly relations and derive social satisfaction through informal exchange of ideas and information
- Employees can give a free and frank expression of their views, which cannot be done through official channels.
- It helps employees who are not linked through the official chain of command to communicate.
Advantages of informal communication from view of management are:
- It helps to communicate those messages, which is not possible through official channel.
- It can be used for speedy communication in emergency
- It reduces tensions in employer-employee relations & provides emotional relief to workers.
- Employee’s reactions and attitudes can be easily ascertained.
Difference between:
FORMAL COMMUNICATION |
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION | |
| Channel | It follows established line of command | It arises as a result of personal relations |
| Nature | It is rigid and cannot be modified | It is flexible as it arises as a result of social interaction |
| Expression | It is mostly in written form | It is mostly in oral form |
| Responsibility | It is easy to fix responsibility in formal communication | As the source cannot be traced, it is difficult to fix responsibility |
| Needs | It serves organizational needs | It serves organizational as well as individual needs |
| Records | Records are kept for future reference | No records are kept |
| Speed | It is usually slow | It is usually fast |
Explain any four factors that are likely to disrupt effective communication? – 3 marks
Or
Enumerate 4 barriers of communication? – 2 or 3 marks (PCS) - Important
The following are the factors that are likely to disrupt effective communication:
Predispositions:
Sometimes the person who receives the message may be biased or predisposed i.e. he may ignore the suggestions for change from the subordinate because he thinks the subordinate is always complaining about something.
Poor listening skills:
Some people are poor listeners. When someone is talking to them they are distracted. This problem occurs both with superiors and subordinates.
Complex Organisation structure:
An organisation having a long chain of command also acts as a barrier to effective communication
Selective reception:
Selective reception takes place when people tend to hear only what they want to hear and block out that part of the information that disagrees with what they believe. As a result communication gets distorted.
Status difference:
Effectiveness of communication can be adversely affected when status of communicator is not equal.