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Explain the effects of Vietnam war on U.S. and Vietnam. 2+2=4

Ans. The consequences of Vietnam War were disastrous for both Vietnam and US.
Effects on Vietnam. The war brought with it death and destruction to the people of Vietnam and to its environment. The US entry into the war led to a period of brutal struggle. Thousands of US troops arrived equiped with heavy weapons and tanks backed by most powerful bombers of the time—the B 52s. The widespread attacks and use of chemical weapons—Napalm, Agent Orange and Phosphorous bombs destroyed many villages and decimated jungles. Civilians also died in large numbers.

Effect on US.

(i) Most of the people in the US were critical of the Government’s policy of war. When the youths were drafted (forced recruitment) for the war, the anger grew. Compulsory service in the armed forces, however, could be waived for university graduates. This meant many of those sent to fight did not belong to the priviledged elite, but were minorities and children of working class families which created a lot of resentment.
(ii) US media played a major role in both supporting and criticising the war. Hollywood made films in support of the war. (Example: John Wayne’s Green Berets; 1968). The film was taken as a war propaganda film, responsible for motivating many young men to die in the war. Other films were more critical. (Example: John Ford Coppala’s Apocalypse Now 1979 reflected the moral confusion that the war causedin the US).

Q. 20. Describe any four factors responsible for soil formation. 4×1=4

Ans. Soil is a living system. It takes millions of years to form soil up to a few centimeters in depth. Factors responsible for soil formation are:
(i) Parent rock or bed rock on which the soils are formed, disintegrate and decompose under the process of weathering and erosion.
(ii) Climate: It determines the rate of weathering.
(iii) Relief, vegetation, other forms of life and time are other important factors in the formation of soils.
(iv) Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. also contribute to the formation of soil.
(v) Chemical and organic changes which take place in soil, also play a role in its formation.

Q. 21. Explain any four efforts made by the Government to improve and modernise Indian agriculture. 4×1=4

Ans. See Q. 35, Chapter 4. [Page G-23.

Q. 22. “The challenge of sustainable development requires integration of economic development with environmental concerns.” Support the statement by giving four measures that can be taken by the industries to protect the environment. 4×1=4.

Ans. Measures that can be taken by industries to protect the environment are as follows:
(i) Reducing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling at various stages.
(ii) Rain water harvesting to meet the growing need for water.
(iii) Proper treatment of hot water and effluents before discharging them into rivers.
(iv) There should be careful planning during siting of industries, better designing of industrial equipment and better operation of the equipment.
(v) Oil or gas should be used instead of coal to reduce smoke.
(vi) Generators should be fitted with silencers.
(vii) Aerosol emissions can be reduced by the use of separators, scrubbers, filters, precipitators, etc.
(viii) Shifting of industries away from the cities. (any four).

Social Science 2009 Question Papers Class X
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